Functions of Various Sensors in a Car

Unlike older models, modern vehicles have many sensors. As cars have become more and more advanced, so have the sensors they use. Different sensors serve different functions. From monitoring tyre pressure to detecting moisture in the air, they play a vital role in keeping your car running smoothly.

The sensors send the data they collect to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) for it to take necessary actions.

The following are 5 common types of sensors found in a car and what they do:

1. Oxygen Sensor

Oxygen sensors are key components found in a car’s exhaust system. Older vehicles have one while newer models have two, positioned next to the catalytic converters. 

Oxygen sensors measure the oxygen content in the exhaust gases and transmit the information to the ECU. The ECU will automatically adjust the air-fuel ratio if it is not correct.

2. Engine Oil Level Sensor

The engine oil level sensor is usually located in the oil pan. It monitors the oil level in the engine and signals the ECU when the oil level is low. The ECU then displays a warning light on the dashboard to alert the driver that the oil level is low and needs to be checked. 

3. Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF)

The mass airflow sensor measures the air volume entering the engine’s combustion chambers. It sends the data to the ECU where it calculates the correct amount of fuel to inject into the engine. 

MAF is usually in the air intake duct, between the intake manifold and the air filter.

4. Oil Pressure Sensor

Sufficient oil circulation is important in internal combustion engines to avoid engine damage. The oil pressure sensor measures and relays the oil pressure information to the ECU. From there, the ECU regulates the oil pressure and ensures that it is at the correct level. The oil pressure sensor is located in the engine block, usually near the oil filter.

5. Coolant Temperature Sensor

The coolant temperature sensor is responsible for monitoring the engine coolant temperature and relaying this information to the ECU. This information is used to regulate the engine’s operating temperature and prevent it from overheating.